枚举
在 Raku 中,枚举(enum
)类型比其他语言复杂得多,详细信息可在此处的类型描述中找到。
这个简短的文档将给出一个简单的使用示例,就像在 C 语言中一样。
假设我们有一个需要写入各种目录的程序; 我们想要一个函数,给定一个目录名,测试它(1)是否存在(2)它是否可以被该程序的用户写入; 这意味着从用户的角度来看有三种可能的状态:要么你可以写(CanWrite
),要么没有目录(NoDir
)或者目录存在,但你不能写(NoWrite
)。 测试结果将决定程序接下来要采取的操作。
enum DirStat <CanWrite NoDir NoWrite>;
sub check-dir-status($dir --> DirStat) {
if $dir.IO.d {
# dir exists, can the program user write to it?
my $f = "$dir/.tmp";
spurt $f, "some text";
CATCH {
# unable to write for some reason
return NoWrite;
}
# if we get here we must have successfully written to the dir
unlink $f;
return CanWrite;
}
# if we get here the dir must not exist
return NoDir;
}
# test each of three directories by a non-root user
my $dirs =
'/tmp', # normally writable by any user
'/', # writable only by root
'~/tmp'; # a non-existent dir in the user's home dir
for $dirs -> $dir {
my $stat = check-dir-status $dir;
say "status of dir '$dir': $stat";
if $stat ~~ CanWrite {
say " user can write to dir: $dir";
}
}
# output
# status of dir '/tmp': CanWrite
# user can write to dir: /tmp
# status of dir '/': NoWrite
# status of dir '~/tmp': NoDir